`` Once Upon A Time, Is An Idealized Start Of A Truly...

â€Å"Once upon a time,† is an idealized start of a truly happy ending. Every fairy-tale has the optimal image of what happiness truly is, but that’s not reality. Happiness can be expressed in many different ways. It’s anything that will bring positivity and light into to a person’s life, and puts a smile on their face. In the dictionary, happiness is defined as an indication of or is characterized by pleasure, contentment, or joy. Happiness can be expressed in various ways, two being self-discipline and physical activity, but people must remember that money does not buy this happiness. For one, self-discipline can bring people happiness. Self-discipline is ones’ ability to control their feelings and overcome their own weaknesses. They must resist any temptation that goes against what they may think is right. When a person has self-discipline they are able to accomplish anything they put their mind to. 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Change over Time Essay Mesopotamia from 2000 Bce to...

Change over Time Essay: Mesopotamia from 2000 BCE to Current Day The earliest civilization in Asia arose around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia meaning land between the rivers because of its convenient location between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This river valley regions rich soil and access to waterways made early civilization thrive on agriculture and trade. Although much has changed since its beginnings, the Mesopotamian River Valley has continued to grow and develop as a civilization to this day. During the time period 2000 BCE to present, Mesopotamia has changed geographically, religiously, and economically, but the rich resource of the Tigris and the Euphrates river has stayed the same. Around 2000 BCE, Mesopotamias†¦show more content†¦Even still, many farmers are losing their businesses and unemployed laborers are forced to look elsewhere for jobs. Iraq has become more depended on oil reserves to support its economy, and its main industries include petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, and food processing. Syrias two main sources of economic revenue are oil and agriculture. The Euphrates river plays a major role in the agricultural economy of Syria by supplying it with 80% of its water resources, but ever since the civil war began in 2011 against president Bashar Assad, the economy in Syria has undermined. Inflation has soured in Syrias economy and unemployment is at an all-time high of 60%. Another change from ancient history till now is that Mesopotamian trade has expounded from domestic trade along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to the importation and exporting of goods worldwide to this day. Religion has also played a major role in Mesopotamian culture throughout history. Early religion in Mesopotamia was polytheistic for the majority. They believed that different gods controlled the various forces of nature. Ancient mesopotamia consisted over 2100 different deities that were associated with different city-states within. Ancient sumerian culture believed that afterlife was a land below our world that everyone went to regardless of social status or the actions performed during life. Around the 1st century CE,Show MoreRelatedHumanities11870 Words   |  48 Pagesentirely new to the subject. This is a complex topic to deal with and it is impossible to have a truly comprehensive discussion on the topic in such a brief essay. The student is advised to consult more advanced texts to gain further understanding of how to appreciate art more fully. HUMANITIES: What is it? †¢ The term Humanities comes from the Latin word, â€Å"humanitas† †¢ It generally refers to art, literature, music, architecture, dance and the theatre—in which human subjectivity is emphasized

Economic Inequality in Africa

Question: Why have some African countries experienced increases in standard of living, while others have remained mired in poverty? Answer: Introduction It has been found that there are 55 countries in Africa. There are less than 10 countries out of these 55 countries have economic success stories (Botswana, Gambia, Mauritius, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia). Some of these countries have independent media. Banik (2013) stated that, in the year of 1990, there were only 4 African nations democratic. Today after 26 years, 15 new additions have been made in this list. At this rate after 10 to 20 years, Africa will become a fully democratic country. 2015 is the year marked as the 20th year of economic growth of Sub-Saharan Africa (Mkandawire, 2015). During this time period, the average economic growth of Africa is 5.2% (Mkandawire, 2015). It is considered as the fastest growing continent due to this huge economic growth. It gives rise to a new buzz in Africa named as Rising Africa. However, the picture of inequality in Africa is very complex. It has been found that 7 out of 10 most unequal countries of the world exist in Africa (Bornschier, 2 015). It is been reported that the amount of economic inequality in Africa is increasing rapidly compared to other continents. It has been found that the number of extremely wealthy families in Africa is increasing very rapidly. However, the economic difference between the urban and rural areas of Africa is also growing at a rapid speed (Mkandawire, 2015). It has been found that the integration between occupation and education remains low in Africa. Banik (2013) depicted that Africa is an anomaly amongdeveloping countries, which signifies that it has a good infrastructural facility along with huge social and economic problems. This can be seen through the evidence that only six African countriesattained the Fraser Institutes latest Economic Freedom; however, the 17 of the African countries are at the bottom of the list. The theory of economy primarily emphasizes on the availability of utility, commodity, wealth, land, value, capita and labour (Enowbi Batuo Asongu, 2015). It can be stated that over the last two decades, Africa is improving their nations condition as a result, they have hosts many events like African Utility, where conference and trade exhibition for African power and water are being conducted. The prime objective for these gathering is to develop the TD, metering, finance, reliability, clean energy, water supply or energy efficiency so that the quality of living of the African country can be enhanced (Enowbi Bat uo Asongu, 2015). Moreover, for the seventeen under-developed countries in the Africa, their nature of being remained closer to nature and desire to remain with the natural phenomena make them backward compared to other countries. Bornschier (2015) criticized that in Botswana, Gambia and Mauritius, African Development Foundation(ADF) supports female African entrepreneurs. It emphasizes on establishing power plants; in African countries like Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and Niger is suffering from climate issues and regular change in the colonialism and their lack of adopting technological advances is the major reason of their poverty and low standard of living. From the poverty report of Africa, it has been found that: Most of the countries of Africa are not doing well while considering economic development despite the availability of enormous amount wealth in the continent. These countries are Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of the Congo, CtedIvoire, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Niger, Togo, and Zimbabwe. Wide verities of minerals are available in these countries like Gold, Palladium, diamonds and Coltan (Volmink Dare, 2012). Despite of the enormous amount of wealth, all these countries mired in abject misery, chaos, poverty and deprivation (Iradian, 2015). It has been reported that the number of people living under 1.25$ per day is increasing from 350 million in 1996 to 415 million in the year of 2011 (Enowbi Batuo Asongu, 2015). The Sub-Saharan Africa is identified as the poorest region in the world (Banik, 2013). It has not changed in 25 years. In the year of 2003, the U nited Nations Developing Program (UNDP) had warned that this prevailing rate, it would take 150 years for Africa to reach Millennium Development Goal (MDG), which was agreed by UN members to be completed within 2015 (Volmink Dare, 2012). It has been found that the nonmonetary dimensions of African countries are improving but not at satisfactory rate. In the year of 1995, the adult literacy rate of these countries is increased 4% (Easterly, 2012). In addition, the gender gaps in these countries are also shrinking rapidly in these countries. Newborn babies are expected to live six years longer. In addition, it has been found that prevalence of malnutrition among 5 year old babies are decreasing by 6% and become 39% (Talbot, 2015). On the contrary, the amount of enrollment of students in schools still remain low in most of the countries. In addition, it has been found that still 40% of the adults remain illiterate. It has been found that, resource enriched countries of Africa have worse human welfare indicators compare to other countries. Factors Affecting the Divergent Economic Trend of Africa In order to explain this divergent trends of the countries in Africa, Bornschier (2015) mentioned that majority of the benefits of economic growth is captured by rich people in most of the countries of Africa. It increases economic inequality between people of Arica. The rich people (only 1%) is becoming more reach and poor people are becoming more poorer. There are five factors discussed below to analyze the inequality trend of economy and increase of poverty in majority of the countries of Africa. The first reason is the rapid population growth in in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has been found that the population growth rate of the region is approximately 2.6% (Easterly, 2012). While African countries are generating more income, it is distributed among ever-increasing amount of people. The income of this region is increasing faster than it population. For this reason, the amount of average income in this region is increasing. It has been found that people live in extreme poverty is falling from 60% in the year of 1996 to 47% in the year of 2011 (Heshmati, 2015). However, Bornschier (2015) argued that the rate at which poverty is falling is lower than the rate of population increase. For this reason, the number of poor people in most of the countries of Africa is increasing. According to the world forecast report, the growth forecast for the region is only 4%. However, the population growth is 2.6%. For this reason, the per capita growth of the country becomes only 1.4% (Rule et al., 2015). In comparison, the world has economic growth of 2.9% and population growth of 1.1% (Volmink Dare, 2012). It means per capita income is 1.8%. This result indicates that the per capita income rate of Africa will remain lower compare to the rest of the world. The second factor is the depth of poverty in African countries. It has been found that most of the poor peoples of Africa exist far below the minimum income level (Rule et al., 2015). In the year of 2011, it has been found that the average income level of poor people is 74 cents per day while in the rest of the developing countries it is 98 cents (Rule et al., 2015). Hence, even if their income is increasing, it is not enough to push them over $1.25 brink. This has held the poverty reduction program in African countries. The third reason is the economic disparity in most of the African countries. (Easterly, 2012) argued that although, inequality is not rising in most of the countries of Arica, it is already far beyond high level. Pieterse (2015) mentioned that, countries where economic disparity is high, economic development is able to deliver as much poverty reduction as it is expected. Talbot (2015) stated that the degree of inequality in the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa is worse than it looks. According to Zartman (2015), due to the fact that the Sub-Saharan African region is divided in to so much countries that the difference between their income level becomes masked. Heshmati (2015) indicated that, if Africa were a single country, then this economic disparity would become much worse than Latin America. It has been found that the income level of people of Africa vary enormously. For this reason, only a small fraction of poor people will be able to cross the margin of poverty level at a time. O n the contrary, countries like India, where a large number of people live just below the average income level of $1.25. It means small amount of increase of income level can cause a flood of people to cross the poverty level (Pieterse, 2015). These three factors are able to explain why this huge amount of economic growth of Africa is not able to reduce the poverty level in this continent compare to the rest of the world. However, these factors are not able to explain why the number of people in Africa is actually increasing since the start of the century. The next two factors will explain this point. The fourth major factor is the degree of mismatch between the region of growth occurrence and the region where poor people of Africa actually live. Iradian (2015) stated that, the acceleration of economic growth has certainly become advantageous for some of the countries of Africa. They are such as Ethiopia, Rwanda and Mozambique (Pieterse, 2015). However, countries like Madagascar and Congo have not seen any economic growth in the last 2 decades (Heshmati, 2015). For this reason, the number of poor people has in these countries accordingly. Hence, as long as these countries are becoming able to establish a sustainable economic development, the number of poor people in Sub-Saharan Africa will never reduce (Talbot, 2015). The fifth major factor is the quality of data collection. It has been found that estimation of the poverty is estimated from the household survey that most of the countries of Africa are very infrequently (Ostby et al., 2012). In addition, operational glitches often affect the credibility of the result. For example, In country Nigeria, at first it was surveyed that only 25% of the total people of Nigeria live behind the poverty line. However, this survey had some well-documented flaws. From a latest survey result, it is analyzed that the poverty level of Nigeria is considerably lower. It has also been found that poverty rate of the country is falling at higher rate than it is actually estimated. Spaull (2013) mentioned that the dissonance between the economic growth and number of poor people has become a striking phenomenon that requires explanation. The result of the analysis only indicates that the economic growth has only benefitted reach people. Pitfall in the Attempt to Improve Africa In the theory of economic politics, William Keech (1995) mentioned that over the last few decades various efforts have been made by many welfare organizations, international institutions and donors in order to help Africa to reduce its economic disparity. However, most of them met with disaster. Zartman (2015) mentioned that, efforts must be continued but it is required to avoid pitfalls. There are several pitfalls in the attempt has been identified. Correction of these pitfalls can help to improve inequality among countries of Among Africa. These pitfalls are described below: Shed Political Correctness (African people require straight talk) It has been found that there are many people in the continent of Africa, who do not want to highlight issues of the country due to maintain political correctness. In the theory of political economy, James Caporaso and David Levine (1992) had mentioned that most of the people fear to criticized their leaders as they would be marked as racist. They need to understand that, they will not be able to help Africa, if they do not talk honestly about the continent. Fosu (2012) mentioned that, most of the people of Arica understand that their countries are suffering from severe leadership failure. Houweling and Kunst (2013) argued that, during 1960, there were more than 220 head of state in Africa. However, people of Africa recognized only 10% of them as good leaders (Ostby et al., 2012). Even majority of them has faced utter failures- an assortment of Jaguar Marxists, Swiss Bank Socialists, vampire elites, crocodile liberators and briefcase bandits (Zartman, 2015). Countries need Avoid Obsession with Charisma and Rhetoric Leaders (Countries need to focus on institutions) It has been found that in past, especially in the west Africa, It has become a tendency to embrace any African leader who recognized himself as anti-communist (Spaull, 2013). There are various examples such as Samual Doe (Liberia), Danial ara Moi (Kenya) and Mobutu Sese Seko (Congo). It has been analyzed that most of the Charismatic leaders of Western Africa were hostile in nature (Fosu, 2015). It has been found that there were various external factors that cause post-colonial stagnation in Africa (Ostby et al., 2012). These factors influence these leaders to become hostile. They are such as unjust international economic system, Western imperialism and colonialism, inadequate foreign aid and the severe impact of slave trade. For instance, Mugabe blames British colonialism for his countrys distresses. It has been found that the West responded by boosting $600 to the economy of Africa. However, Hurst (2015) argued that, it had very little impact on the economy of Africa. There are vari ous initiatives have been taken to rescue the continent from economic disparity, but they only make rich people richer and poor people poorer. Houweling and Kunst (2013) mentioned that, Sub-Saharan Africa tends to follow ten years of attention deficit cycle. Hurst (2015) stated that, in every decade anti-poverty activist, rock star and heads of different countries gather to develop a super to develop mega plan to improve the condition of Africa. For instance, in the year of 1985, Unite Nation held a special session on Africa. In the year of 1996, UN had $25 billion as special initiative for the poor countries of Africa. However, the result remained the same. Only a few countries benefitted from the initiative. Most of poor countries remain unchanged. Many countries after that also tried to help Africa. For example, in the year of 2005 former British Prime Minister Tony Blair announced 2005 as the year for Africa. Countries like France has proposed an international tax reduction for the companies who will develop their business in poor countries of Africa like Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon (Fosu, 2015). However all these initiatives will remain ineffective until these countries are able to analyze their own problems (Aron Muellbauer, 2012). They have to stop depending on leaders and try to develop different associations that can take of the economic condition of their countries. (Houweling and Kunst (2013) mentioned that solution of the problem of Arica lies within itself, not along the inner sanctum of Chinas wall and corridors of the World Bank. All the countries need to retune their economy and need t develop their own heritage of free trade, free enterprise and free markets. The African countries have huge amount of resources (Lloyd Hewett, 2012). They just have to use them properly so that business organizations become interested towards these poor countries. It will increase job opportunity, education and per capita income of a nation (Sala-i-Martin Pinkovskiy, 2012). It can become helpful for these countries to reduce the differences between their economic conditions. Government (It is the biggest problem, not the Solution) It has been found that corruption in government sectors and inside the government is one of the major problems that countries like Algeria, Tanzania, Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon are facing. They are the major reason behind these economic differences. For example, US president J.W. Bush had visited the country Tanzania during 18th February 2008 (Lloyd Hewett, 2012). He had found that the country was receiving $698 million in the MCA grant but the country did have any cabinet. It had been found that the entire cabinet of the country was dissolved due to a corruption scandal. The scandal was about an electricity contract worth $172.5 million, which was given to a Texas based organization that never existed (Aron Muellbauer, 2012). There were some other countries like Uganda and Kenya that have dubious success stories. Booysen et al. (2012) stated that, leaders like Mr. Mubarak encouraged ministries of Egypt to loot public money by developing organization that provide const rictions. He secured the loyalty of security heads of Egypt that made his work easier (Booysen et al., 2012). He had distributed all the looted money among the top level of ministries. For this reason, the era of Mubarak will be known as the era of thievery in the history of Egypt (The Washington Times 2002). Accorsi et al. (2012) stated that no solution can be obtained by making partnership with corrupted governments. If they are asked to develop economy of the country, they become busy to fill their pockets. If they are asked to seek foreign investments, then they will seek a foreign county to invest the loot (Lloyd Hewett, 2012). It has been found that, in Africa every Member of Parliament (MP) enjoys a wide range of allowances and perks. In the country Nigeria, a senator enjoys $2 million salary (Lloyd Hewett, 2012). In Kenya, the salary of a MP is $350,000 which is more than the salary of Barrack Obamas salary (Accorsi et al., 2012). In conclusion, it can be stated that, Africa mainly has three sectors. They are such as modern, informal and traditional regions. It has been found that all the development activities take place in modern sectors. However, majority of the poor people live in the informal sector. The economic development of Africa is incomplete by ignoring these two sectors. It has been found that in majority of the poor countries of Africa, people oriented development like increasing literacy program, improvement of roads for communication and foreign investments never happen. The leaders of poor countries like Ivory Coast are busy to fill their pockets and develop unnecessary things. Many leaders do not want to speak ill about their country to maintain their political career. However, they have to understand that straight talk, honest plan and action is all required to reduce the economic disparities between the countries of Africa. Reference List Accorsi, S., Bilal, N. K., Farese, P., Racalbuto, V. (2012). Countdown to 2015: comparing progress towards the achievement of the health Millennium Development Goals in Ethiopia and other sub-Saharan African countries.Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,104(5), 336-342. Aron, J., Muellbauer, J. (2012). Improving forecasting in an emerging economy, South Africa: Changing trends, long run restrictions and disaggregation. International Journal of Forecasting, 28(2), 456-476. Banik, D. (Ed.). (2013). The legal empowerment agenda: poverty, labour and the informal economy in Africa. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Booysen, F., Van Der Berg, S., Burger, R., Von Maltitz, M., Du Rand, G. (2012). Using an asset index to assess trends in poverty in seven Sub-Saharan African countries.World Development,36(6), 1113-1130. Bornschier, V. (2015). Changing Income Inequality in the Second Half of the 20th Century Preliminary Findings and Propositions for Explanations.Journal of World-Systems Research,8(1), 100-127. Easterly, W. (2012). How the millennium development goals are unfair to Africa.World development,37(1), 26-35. Enowbi Batuo, M., Asongu, S. A. (2015). The impact of liberalisation policies on income inequality in African countries.Journal of Economic Studies,42(1), 68-100. Fosu, A. K. (2012). Inequality and the growthpoverty nexus: specification empirics using African data.Applied Economics Letters,15(7), 563-566. Fosu, A. K. (2015). Growth, inequality and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa: recent progress in a global context.Oxford Development Studies,43(1), 44-59. Heshmati, A. (2015). The world distribution of income and income inequality: A review of the economics literature.Journal of world-systems research,12(1), 61-107. Houweling, T. A., Kunst, A. E. (2013). Socio-economic inequalities in childhood mortality in low-and middle-income countries: a review of the international evidence.British medical bulletin,93(1), 7-26. Hurst, C. E. (2015).Social inequality: Forms, causes, and consequences. Routledge. Iradian, G. (2015).Inequality, poverty, and growth: cross-country evidence(Vol. 5). International Monetary Fund. Lloyd, C. B., Hewett, P. (2012). Educational inequalities in the midst of persistent poverty: diversity across Africa in educational outcomes.Journal of International Development,21(8), 1137-1151. Mkandawire, T. (2015). Neopatrimonialism and the political economy of economic performance in Africa: Critical reflections. World Politics, 67(03), 563-612. Ostby, G., Nords, R., Rd, J. K. (2012). Regional Inequalities and Civil Conflict in Subà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Saharan Africa1.International Studies Quarterly,53(2), 301-324. Pieterse, J. N. (2015).Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Rule, S., Pillay, U., Roberts, B. (2015).South African social attitudes: changing times, diverse voices. HSRC Press. Sala-i-Martin, X., Pinkovskiy, M. (2012).African poverty is falling... much faster than you think!(No. w15775). National Bureau of Economic Research. Spaull, N. (2013). Poverty privilege: Primary school inequality in South Africa.International Journal of Educational Development,33(5), 436-447. Talbot, J. (2015). Information, finance, and the new international inequality: the case of coffee.journal of world-systems research,8(2), 215-250. Volmink, J., Dare, L. (2012). Addressing inequalities in research capacity in Africa.Bmj,331(7519), 705-706. Zartman, I. W. (2015).Politics of Trade Negotiations Between Africa and the European Economic Community: The Weak Confronts the Strong. Princeton University Press.

What Scores You Can Expect on the New SAT

In 2014, the College Board announced yet another change to the SAT test: the scoring system would revert back to a score out of 1600. The era of the 2400 SAT was over, and plenty of changes were made. Namely, that the Writing section would mix with the Critical Reading section to become one 800-point section, and that students would no longer be required to write the formerly mandatory essay.The first reiteration of the redesigned SAT was offered at the start of this year, and the first round of scores from the new test have been released. The scoring, though,has changed- with the maximum score going from 2400 to 1600, you’d think that scores would go down by 50% as well (i.e., a score of 1500 down to 1000). Instead, the new SAT scores are higher. Instead of a 1000, the new result would 1090. Last year’s test yielded averages of 500 and 510 on Critical Reading and Math, respectively, while the new SAT’s averages were 550 and 540. Though it’s bound to be confusing for students, parents, and colleges alike, the scores seem to be independent of previous tests. So what can you do to make sure you score well on the redesigned SAT? Catch up on the best last minute study tips for the test to make sure you know your stuff. For now, you can use the College Board’s score calculator to determine where your old score would line up on the new scoring system, or vice versa.Want to find out how your SAT scores line up against the competition? Browse through thousands of admitted students to see their scores, essays, and advice answers to find out how you can get in.

How Starfish See With Eyespots

How Starfish See With Eyespots Starfish, which are more scientifically known as sea stars,  dont have any visible body parts that look like eyes. So how do they see? While it may not look like starfish have eyes, they do, although theyre not like our eyes. A starfish has eyespots that cannot see much in the way of details but can detect light and dark. These eyespots are at the tip of each of the starfishs arms. That means that a 5-armed starfish has five eyespots, and a 40-armed starfish has 40! How to See a Starfishs Eyespots A starfishs eyespots lie underneath its skin, but you can see them. If you get a chance to gently hold a starfish, often it will tilt the end of its arms upward. Look at the very tip, and you might see a black  or red dot. Thats the eyespot. Cartoons that portray starfish with a face with eyes in the center of their body are therefore inaccurate. A starfish is actually looking at you with its arms, not from the center of its body. Its just easier for cartoonists to portray them that way. Structure of the Sea Star Eye The eye of a sea star is very small. On a blue star, they are only about half a millimeter wide. They have a groove on the underside of each arm that has the tube feet that stars use to move. The eye is made of a couple hundred light-collecting units and is located at the end of one of the tube feet on each arm. It is a compound eye like that of an insect, but it doesnt have a lens to focus the light. This reduces its ability to see anything but light, dark, and large structures such as the coral reef it needs to live on. What Sea Stars Can See Sea stars cant detect color. They dont have the color-detecting cones that human eyes do, so they are colorblind and see only light and dark. They also cant see fast-moving objects as their eyes work slowly. If something swims by them fast, they simply wont detect it. They cant see any details because they have so few light-detecting cells. Experiments have shown they can detect large structures, and even that was a surprise for scientists, who for a long time thought they could only see light and dark. Each eye of the sea star has a large field of vision. If all of their eyes werent blocked, they could see for 360 degrees around themselves. They could probably limit their field of vision using their other tube feet on each arm as blinders. Sea stars likely see just enough to be able to get to where they want to be, on a rock or coral reef where they can feed.

Micro Assignment Essay

Micro Assignment Essay Micro Assignment Essay Question 1 A) POINT ONE P1=$2.26 Q1=620.82 The price elasticity of demand using the midpoint method can be calculated with the following equation: = (Q2-Q1)/ ((Q2+Q1)/2) (P2-P1)/ ((P2+P1)/2) Using the values given, the equation is as follows: = (580270-620820)/ ((580270+620820)/2) ($3.39-$2.26)/ (($3.39+$2.26)/2) = 0.06752200084923 40 This shows that the price elasticity of demand for Metlink train tickets is: = 0.16880500212308 B) From the figures provided, we can see that as the price of the train ticket rises, the quantity demanded falls. This follows the law of demand meaning that train tickets are a normal good, as opposed to a giffen good that goes against the law of demand. Due to the elastic figure being less than 1 we can draw the conclusion that train tickets are inelastic. This means there is a relatively small change in the quantity demand despite a change n price. This also suggests that Metlink train tickets are a necessity opposed to a luxury. Question 2 Although previous national studies showed video rentals as being inelastic new evidence from a video store contradicts these results. The manager at the store increased their price expecting a rise in their profit, but in fact the increased price had the opposite effect. This is because although the video rental demand had previously been shown to be inelastic time had past. In the time that had past the ability of the renters to substitute renting video had changed. With new technology it is now easy to download movies thus creating less demand for renting them. Due to new revolutions the demand curve would now become elastic so the demand curve has flattened out. This means because the price has been raised by 20% the demand for video rentals will reduce proving it harder to rent out videos. Revenue will decrease due to lower sales and although being at a higher price it does not match previous years income. This is represented in the following graph: Question 3 A) i) In the short term, if scientists discovered that eating soybeans prevents cancer and heart disease this would shift the demand curve to the right. As a result the quantity demand rises due to consumers hearing that soybeans are good for your health. This increases the equilibrium price and quantity, because there is no shift in the supply curve so the equilibrium point moves to the right with the demand curve. This is represented in the following graph: In the long run if scientists discovered that soybeans prevents cancer and heart disease this would shift the demand curve to the right. As a result the suppliers would be more willing to increase supplies because of the money they will receive for the more goods they produce. This shifts the supply curve to the right. The increase in supply decreases the equilibrium price but increases the demand. This is represented in the following graph: ii) With the increase in the supply in soybeans the space for the feed corn to grow is reduced. Thus there would a shift in the supply curve to the left. This would mean a shift in the equilibrium price would rise. Thus feed corn would be selling for a higher price but the demand would be less. This is represented in the following graph: B) i) The effect that nylon being invented would have on the domestic cotton industry is that the demand for cotton will decrease, shifting the demand curve to the left. Due to nylon being a substation for cotton. Thus the equilibrium price and supply will decrease. Meaning the sale of cotton will reduce which will in turn force suppliers to decrease the price of cotton. This is represented in the following graph: ii) The effect the cotton gin being invented would have on the domestic cotton industry is that the supply curve would shift to the right due

Community Supported Agriculture Research Proposal

Community Supported Agriculture - Research Proposal Example re created by individuals, and especially farmers in European parts of the globe to bear the expenses of farming, in order to acquire most out of the land. (Duram, pp. 77) In terms of definition, farming is performed and food is distributed according to a new socio-economic model, referred as community-supported agriculture. Moreover, community and its members play a vital and significant role in the development and maintenance of community-supported agriculture, which results in mutual benefits for the community from food production. Some of the tasks involved in CSA are delivery of produced foods on a weekly basis, which is performed by different community members. Nowadays, community-based agriculture is mostly used in the United States; however, a number of similar approaches of agriculture can be seen in other parts of the globe as well. In order to understand this form of agriculture in a detailed manner, it is essential to explore the different characteristics of it. Specifically, production of high-quality fruits and vegetables is the notion and mission of community-supported agriculture, which is achieved by the support of community members. A stronger consumer relationship can be observed in such form due to greater involvement of consumers with the producers. Every season, a supportive group of community decides to fund the budget of production, and thus, all the tasks and jobs are performed by the individuals in a collective manner. According to theories related to community-supported agriculture, a higher quality during the production of foods can be achieved by collective support and management of farming, and that is the core of such form of agriculture. In community-based agriculture, farmers do not have bear the expenses alone, which often results in reduction of quality standards, in order to lower the costs. However, the whole budget of a season is supported by the community members, and weekly production is distribution among these members,